Talocalcaneal Coalition Symptoms, Causes, X-ray, Treatment

Talocalcaneal coalition is a condition that affects the foot's joints, specifically the talocalcaneal joint. It is distinguished by the abnormal fusion or connection between the talus bone and the calcaneus bone. The affected foot may experience discomfort, stiffness, and restricted mobility as a result of this ailment. 

Talocalcaneal Coalition Definition

The abnormal fusion of the talus bone with the calcaneus bone in the foot is referred to as talocalcaneal coalition. These two bones are typically separate, allowing for the smooth movement of the foot. Talocalcaneal coalition, on the other hand, results in the bones becoming fused or linked, limiting mobility and causing discomfort.

Talocalcaneal Coalition Symptoms

Individuals with talocalcaneal coalition may experience different symptoms. Foot and ankle pain, especially after physical exercise or prolonged standing, are common complaints.

• Stiffness and a restricted range of motion in the affected foot
• Soreness and swelling in the affected area
• Leg fatigue or exhaustion

The intensity of symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the size of the coalition.

Talocalcaneal Coalition Causes

The specific cause of talocalcaneal coalition is unknown. However, it is thought to be a congenital disorder, which means it is present at birth. During fetal growth or early infancy, the talus and calcaneus bones may fuse. According to a research, the formation of talocalcaneal coalition may be influenced by hereditary variables.

Talocalcaneal Coalition X-ray

X-ray imaging is routinely used to confirm the diagnosis of talocalcaneal coalition. X-rays can provide comprehensive images of the bones and joints, allowing doctors to identify any abnormalities or talus-calcaneus bone fusion.

These common X-ray views are commonly acquired when evaluating talocalcaneal coalition:

Anteroposterior (AP) view: This view offers a frontal aspect of the foot, enabling evaluation of joint spaces and alignment.

Lateral view: This side view makes the talocalcaneal joint more visible and makes it easier to spot any anomalies.

Oblique view: This angled view aids in providing an alternative assessment of the coalition site.

X-ray image interpretation for talocalcaneal coalition entails examining several radiographic findings, such as:

Talar beak sign: A bony protrusion or beak that runs from the talus bone to the calcaneus bone.

C-sign: On X-ray the central facet of the talocalcaneal joint has an irregular contour that resembles a C shape.

Decreased joint space: The talus and calcaneus bones in the affected area have less space between them.

Talocalcaneal Coalition Treatment

The degree and extent of talocalcaneal coalition determine treatment. The initial line of treatment is often conservative and may consist of:

Rest and immobilization: To allow healing and pain relief, the affected foot may need to be immobilized with a cast or brace.

Physical therapy: Specific stretches and exercises can help increase flexibility and bolster the muscles around the joint.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These drugs can lessen the pain and inflammation brought on by talocalcaneal coalition.

Surgery might be an option if more conservative treatments are unsuccessful in providing enough relief. Surgical options include:

Resection: To return the talus and calcaneus bones to their natural position and function, the aberrant coalition might be surgically excised.

Arthrodesis: To stabilize the foot and relieve discomfort, it may be essential in severe cases to fuse the afflicted joint.